{
 "name": "Open Workplace Health Standard: Workplace Wellbeing Question Bank",
 "kind": "resource maintained under OWHS; not part of the normative OWHS specification",
 "version": "0.1.0",
 "updated": "2026-07-11",
 "ip_boundary_checked": true,
 "summary": "A provenance-tracked catalogue of workplace well-being survey items drawn from the public commons. Item wording is taken from each item's primary source, and only where verified verbatim and licensed for redistribution. Topic groupings are editorial and are not the normative OWHS construct-domain codelist.",
 "editorial_grouping_note": "Topic groupings are an editorial convenience, grounded in widely used public frameworks (the HSE Management Standards for the work-design groups; ONS and OECD for wellbeing outcomes). They are not the OWHS construct-domain codelist, which is normative and changes only by RFC. They reproduce no prior document's selection or arrangement.",
 "provenance_protocol": "rebuild-not-republish",
 "coverage_informed_by": {
  "title": "What Works Centre for Wellbeing, Workplace Wellbeing Question Bank (July 2020)",
  "role": "informs coverage (which topics from the commons to include), never arrangement",
  "url": "https://whatworkswellbeing.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/question-bank-workplace-wellbeing-July2020.pdf"
 },
 "ons_leadin": "ONS asks these with the lead-in: \"Next I would like to ask you four questions about your feelings on aspects of your life. There are no right or wrong answers. For each of these questions I'd like you to give an answer on a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 is 'not at all' and 10 is 'completely'.\"",
 "licences": {
  "guidance_text": "CC BY 4.0",
  "dataset_structure": "Apache-2.0",
  "item_wording": "Held by each primary source under the licence recorded per item."
 },
 "counts": {
  "groups": 13,
  "items_catalogued": 85,
  "items_verified_rendered": 4
 },
 "groups": [
  {
   "id": "outcomes",
   "name": "Wellbeing and satisfaction",
   "scope": "Outcome measures of how people rate their lives and their work overall (ONS personal well-being, satisfaction, positive affect)."
  },
  {
   "id": "health",
   "name": "Health and functioning",
   "scope": "Self-rated health, work-related ill health, and mental well-being state."
  },
  {
   "id": "behaviours",
   "name": "Health behaviours",
   "scope": "Health-related behaviours such as physical activity and diet."
  },
  {
   "id": "demands",
   "name": "Job demands and intensity",
   "scope": "Workload, pace, deadlines, emotional demand, unsocial or long hours, and physical load. Aligns to the HSE Management Standards Demands domain."
  },
  {
   "id": "control",
   "name": "Control, autonomy and skill use",
   "scope": "Discretion over work and the chance to learn and use skills. Aligns to the HSE Management Standards Control domain."
  },
  {
   "id": "support",
   "name": "Support and relationships",
   "scope": "Support from managers and colleagues, feedback, recognition and team working. Aligns to the HSE Management Standards Support and Relationships domains."
  },
  {
   "id": "fairness",
   "name": "Fair treatment and conduct",
   "scope": "Fair treatment and freedom from bullying and harassment. Aligns to the HSE Management Standards Relationships domain."
  },
  {
   "id": "role",
   "name": "Role, purpose and recognition",
   "scope": "Role clarity, meaning, contribution, direction and recognition. Aligns to the HSE Management Standards Role domain."
  },
  {
   "id": "change",
   "name": "Job security and change",
   "scope": "Security of the job, prospects, and how change is handled. Aligns to the HSE Management Standards Change domain."
  },
  {
   "id": "time",
   "name": "Working time and the work-home boundary",
   "scope": "Scheduling, flexibility, recovery and detachment from work outside hours."
  },
  {
   "id": "environment",
   "name": "Physical environment and resources",
   "scope": "The adequacy of tools, equipment and facilities for the job."
  },
  {
   "id": "financial",
   "name": "Financial security",
   "scope": "Pay adequacy, financial security and resilience."
  },
  {
   "id": "culture",
   "name": "Organisational health culture and policy",
   "scope": "Whether the organisation acts on, signposts and normalises support for health and well-being."
  }
 ],
 "items": [
  {
   "id": "aps-life-satisfaction",
   "group": "outcomes",
   "group_name": "Wellbeing and satisfaction",
   "topic": "Overall life satisfaction",
   "wording": "Overall, how satisfied are you with your life nowadays?",
   "response_scale": "0 to 10, where 0 is 'not at all' and 10 is 'completely'.",
   "source_survey": "ONS personal well-being questions (Annual Population Survey)",
   "source_key": "APS",
   "citation": "Office for National Statistics, personal well-being questions, Annual Population Survey. Crown copyright.",
   "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/wellbeing/methodologies/surveysusingthe4officefornationalstatisticspersonalwellbeingquestions",
   "copyright_status": "OGL",
   "benchmark_availability": "Item-level benchmark held (see benchmark field).",
   "verification": "verified",
   "render": true,
   "notes": "ONS personal well-being measure 1 of 4.",
   "benchmark": {
    "value": 7.45,
    "period": "year ending March 2023",
    "unit": "mean out of 10",
    "source": "Office for National Statistics",
    "citation": "ONS, Personal well-being in the UK: April 2022 to March 2023 (published 7 November 2023).",
    "url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/wellbeing/bulletins/measuringnationalwellbeing/april2022tomarch2023"
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "aps-worthwhile",
   "group": "outcomes",
   "group_name": "Wellbeing and satisfaction",
   "topic": "Sense that life is worthwhile",
   "wording": "Overall, to what extent do you feel that the things you do in your life are worthwhile?",
   "response_scale": "0 to 10, where 0 is 'not at all' and 10 is 'completely'.",
   "source_survey": "ONS personal well-being questions (Annual Population Survey)",
   "source_key": "APS",
   "citation": "Office for National Statistics, personal well-being questions, Annual Population Survey. Crown copyright.",
   "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/wellbeing/methodologies/surveysusingthe4officefornationalstatisticspersonalwellbeingquestions",
   "copyright_status": "OGL",
   "benchmark_availability": "Item-level benchmark held (see benchmark field).",
   "verification": "verified",
   "render": true,
   "notes": "ONS personal well-being measure 2 of 4.",
   "benchmark": {
    "value": 7.73,
    "period": "year ending March 2023",
    "unit": "mean out of 10",
    "source": "Office for National Statistics",
    "citation": "ONS, Personal well-being in the UK: April 2022 to March 2023 (published 7 November 2023).",
    "url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/wellbeing/bulletins/measuringnationalwellbeing/april2022tomarch2023"
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "aps-happiness",
   "group": "outcomes",
   "group_name": "Wellbeing and satisfaction",
   "topic": "Happiness yesterday",
   "wording": "Overall, how happy did you feel yesterday?",
   "response_scale": "0 to 10, where 0 is 'not at all' and 10 is 'completely'.",
   "source_survey": "ONS personal well-being questions (Annual Population Survey)",
   "source_key": "APS",
   "citation": "Office for National Statistics, personal well-being questions, Annual Population Survey. Crown copyright.",
   "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/wellbeing/methodologies/surveysusingthe4officefornationalstatisticspersonalwellbeingquestions",
   "copyright_status": "OGL",
   "benchmark_availability": "Item-level benchmark held (see benchmark field).",
   "verification": "verified",
   "render": true,
   "notes": "ONS personal well-being measure 3 of 4.",
   "benchmark": {
    "value": 7.39,
    "period": "year ending March 2023",
    "unit": "mean out of 10",
    "source": "Office for National Statistics",
    "citation": "ONS, Personal well-being in the UK: April 2022 to March 2023 (published 7 November 2023).",
    "url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/wellbeing/bulletins/measuringnationalwellbeing/april2022tomarch2023"
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "aps-anxiety",
   "group": "outcomes",
   "group_name": "Wellbeing and satisfaction",
   "topic": "Anxiety yesterday",
   "wording": "Overall, how anxious did you feel yesterday?",
   "response_scale": "0 to 10, where 0 is 'not at all anxious' and 10 is 'completely anxious'.",
   "source_survey": "ONS personal well-being questions (Annual Population Survey)",
   "source_key": "APS",
   "citation": "Office for National Statistics, personal well-being questions, Annual Population Survey. Crown copyright.",
   "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/wellbeing/methodologies/surveysusingthe4officefornationalstatisticspersonalwellbeingquestions",
   "copyright_status": "OGL",
   "benchmark_availability": "Item-level benchmark held (see benchmark field).",
   "verification": "verified",
   "render": true,
   "notes": "ONS personal well-being measure 4 of 4. Prior compilations often omitted the anxiety item; it is completed here so the ONS-4 set is whole.",
   "benchmark": {
    "value": 3.23,
    "period": "year ending March 2023",
    "unit": "mean out of 10",
    "source": "Office for National Statistics",
    "citation": "ONS, Personal well-being in the UK: April 2022 to March 2023 (published 7 November 2023).",
    "url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/wellbeing/bulletins/measuringnationalwellbeing/april2022tomarch2023"
   }
  },
  {
   "id": "ses-job-satisfaction",
   "group": "outcomes",
   "group_name": "Wellbeing and satisfaction",
   "topic": "Overall job satisfaction",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "1 to 7 (completely dissatisfied to completely satisfied)",
   "source_survey": "Skills and Employment Survey 2017",
   "source_key": "SES7",
   "citation": "Felstead A, Gallie D, Green F et al., Skills and Employment Survey 2017. Cardiff University, UCL, University of Oxford; ESRC.",
   "source_url": "https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/research/explore/find-a-project/view/skills-and-employment-survey-2017",
   "copyright_status": "permission required; none requested",
   "benchmark_availability": "Periodic Great Britain estimates (SES series).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": "Single-item overall job satisfaction; also carried in Understanding Society."
  },
  {
   "id": "perma-joy",
   "group": "outcomes",
   "group_name": "Wellbeing and satisfaction",
   "topic": "Positive affect at work (joy)",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "0 to 10",
   "source_survey": "PERMA-Profiler",
   "source_key": "PERMA",
   "citation": "Butler J, Kern ML (2016), The PERMA-Profiler.",
   "source_url": "https://www.peggykern.org/questionnaires.html",
   "copyright_status": "permission required; none requested",
   "benchmark_availability": "Instrument-specific reference scores.",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": "PERMA-Profiler item; referenced only."
  },
  {
   "id": "oecd-positive-outlook",
   "group": "outcomes",
   "group_name": "Wellbeing and satisfaction",
   "topic": "Positive outlook",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point (always to never)",
   "source_survey": "OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being",
   "source_key": "OECD",
   "citation": "OECD (2013), OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being.",
   "source_url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-guidelines-on-measuring-subjective-well-being_9789264191655-en.html",
   "copyright_status": "permission required; none requested",
   "benchmark_availability": "Instrument-specific reference material (OECD).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "ess-wlb-satisfaction",
   "group": "outcomes",
   "group_name": "Wellbeing and satisfaction",
   "topic": "Satisfaction with work-life balance",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "0 to 10",
   "source_survey": "European Social Survey",
   "source_key": "ESS",
   "citation": "European Social Survey ERIC (ESS). Rounds vary by item.",
   "source_url": "https://www.europeansocialsurvey.org/",
   "copyright_status": "ESS",
   "benchmark_availability": "Cross-national benchmarks (ESS).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": "European Social Survey Round 6."
  },
  {
   "id": "aps-self-rated-health",
   "group": "health",
   "group_name": "Health and functioning",
   "topic": "Self-rated general health",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point (very good to very bad)",
   "source_survey": "ONS personal well-being questions (Annual Population Survey)",
   "source_key": "APS",
   "citation": "Office for National Statistics, personal well-being questions, Annual Population Survey. Crown copyright.",
   "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/wellbeing/methodologies/surveysusingthe4officefornationalstatisticspersonalwellbeingquestions",
   "copyright_status": "OGL",
   "benchmark_availability": "UK national annual benchmarks (ONS).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": "Self-rated health; carried in APS, EWCS and ESS with varying wording."
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-work-health-risk",
   "group": "health",
   "group_name": "Health and functioning",
   "topic": "Perceived health or safety risk from work",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "yes / no",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "nhs-msk",
   "group": "health",
   "group_name": "Health and functioning",
   "topic": "Musculoskeletal problems attributed to work",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "yes / no",
   "source_survey": "NHS Staff Survey",
   "source_key": "NHS",
   "citation": "NHS Staff Survey (NHS England; Survey Coordination Centre).",
   "source_url": "https://www.nhsstaffsurveys.com/",
   "copyright_status": "NHS",
   "benchmark_availability": "NHS sector benchmarks (NHS England).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": "NHS Staff Survey item; text withheld; permission would be required to reproduce it and none has been requested."
  },
  {
   "id": "nhs-work-stress-illness",
   "group": "health",
   "group_name": "Health and functioning",
   "topic": "Work-related stress reported as illness",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "yes / no",
   "source_survey": "NHS Staff Survey",
   "source_key": "NHS",
   "citation": "NHS Staff Survey (NHS England; Survey Coordination Centre).",
   "source_url": "https://www.nhsstaffsurveys.com/",
   "copyright_status": "NHS",
   "benchmark_availability": "NHS sector benchmarks (NHS England).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": "NHS Staff Survey item; text withheld; permission would be required to reproduce it and none has been requested."
  },
  {
   "id": "who5-cheerful",
   "group": "health",
   "group_name": "Health and functioning",
   "topic": "WHO-5: cheerful and in good spirits",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "0 to 5 (all of the time to at no time)",
   "source_survey": "WHO-5 Well-Being Index",
   "source_key": "WHO5",
   "citation": "World Health Organization, WHO-5 Well-Being Index.",
   "source_url": "https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/WHO-UCN-MSD-MHE-2024.01",
   "copyright_status": "WHO CC BY-NC-SA",
   "benchmark_availability": "Instrument-specific reference scores (WHO).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": "WHO-5 item; referenced only, text not reproduced."
  },
  {
   "id": "who5-calm",
   "group": "health",
   "group_name": "Health and functioning",
   "topic": "WHO-5: calm and relaxed",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "0 to 5 (all of the time to at no time)",
   "source_survey": "WHO-5 Well-Being Index",
   "source_key": "WHO5",
   "citation": "World Health Organization, WHO-5 Well-Being Index.",
   "source_url": "https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/WHO-UCN-MSD-MHE-2024.01",
   "copyright_status": "WHO CC BY-NC-SA",
   "benchmark_availability": "Instrument-specific reference scores (WHO).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": "WHO-5 item; referenced only, text not reproduced."
  },
  {
   "id": "who5-active",
   "group": "health",
   "group_name": "Health and functioning",
   "topic": "WHO-5: active and vigorous",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "0 to 5 (all of the time to at no time)",
   "source_survey": "WHO-5 Well-Being Index",
   "source_key": "WHO5",
   "citation": "World Health Organization, WHO-5 Well-Being Index.",
   "source_url": "https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/WHO-UCN-MSD-MHE-2024.01",
   "copyright_status": "WHO CC BY-NC-SA",
   "benchmark_availability": "Instrument-specific reference scores (WHO).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": "WHO-5 item; referenced only, text not reproduced."
  },
  {
   "id": "who5-fresh",
   "group": "health",
   "group_name": "Health and functioning",
   "topic": "WHO-5: woke up fresh and rested",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "0 to 5 (all of the time to at no time)",
   "source_survey": "WHO-5 Well-Being Index",
   "source_key": "WHO5",
   "citation": "World Health Organization, WHO-5 Well-Being Index.",
   "source_url": "https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/WHO-UCN-MSD-MHE-2024.01",
   "copyright_status": "WHO CC BY-NC-SA",
   "benchmark_availability": "Instrument-specific reference scores (WHO).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": "WHO-5 item; referenced only, text not reproduced."
  },
  {
   "id": "who5-interest",
   "group": "health",
   "group_name": "Health and functioning",
   "topic": "WHO-5: daily life filled with interesting things",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "0 to 5 (all of the time to at no time)",
   "source_survey": "WHO-5 Well-Being Index",
   "source_key": "WHO5",
   "citation": "World Health Organization, WHO-5 Well-Being Index.",
   "source_url": "https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/WHO-UCN-MSD-MHE-2024.01",
   "copyright_status": "WHO CC BY-NC-SA",
   "benchmark_availability": "Instrument-specific reference scores (WHO).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": "WHO-5 item; referenced only, text not reproduced."
  },
  {
   "id": "nhs-presenteeism",
   "group": "health",
   "group_name": "Health and functioning",
   "topic": "Presenteeism: attending work while unwell",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "yes / no",
   "source_survey": "NHS Staff Survey",
   "source_key": "NHS",
   "citation": "NHS Staff Survey (NHS England; Survey Coordination Centre).",
   "source_url": "https://www.nhsstaffsurveys.com/",
   "copyright_status": "NHS",
   "benchmark_availability": "NHS sector benchmarks (NHS England).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": "NHS Staff Survey item; text withheld; permission would be required to reproduce it and none has been requested."
  },
  {
   "id": "nhs-presenteeism-pressure",
   "group": "health",
   "group_name": "Health and functioning",
   "topic": "Pressure to attend work while unwell",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "yes / no",
   "source_survey": "NHS Staff Survey",
   "source_key": "NHS",
   "citation": "NHS Staff Survey (NHS England; Survey Coordination Centre).",
   "source_url": "https://www.nhsstaffsurveys.com/",
   "copyright_status": "NHS",
   "benchmark_availability": "NHS sector benchmarks (NHS England).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": "NHS Staff Survey item; text withheld; permission would be required to reproduce it and none has been requested."
  },
  {
   "id": "us-physical-activity",
   "group": "behaviours",
   "group_name": "Health behaviours",
   "topic": "Physical activity days per week",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "0 to 7 days",
   "source_survey": "Understanding Society (UK Household Longitudinal Study), Wave 9",
   "source_key": "US9",
   "citation": "University of Essex, Institute for Social and Economic Research. Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study.",
   "source_url": "https://www.understandingsociety.ac.uk/",
   "copyright_status": "permission required; none requested",
   "benchmark_availability": "UK population estimates (UK Data Service).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "us-diet",
   "group": "behaviours",
   "group_name": "Health behaviours",
   "topic": "Fruit and vegetable consumption",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "frequency",
   "source_survey": "Understanding Society (UK Household Longitudinal Study), Wave 9",
   "source_key": "US9",
   "citation": "University of Essex, Institute for Social and Economic Research. Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study.",
   "source_url": "https://www.understandingsociety.ac.uk/",
   "copyright_status": "permission required; none requested",
   "benchmark_availability": "UK population estimates (UK Data Service).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "csps-workload",
   "group": "demands",
   "group_name": "Job demands and intensity",
   "topic": "Acceptable workload",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point agreement",
   "source_survey": "Civil Service People Survey",
   "source_key": "CSPS",
   "citation": "Cabinet Office, Civil Service People Survey. Crown copyright.",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/civil-service-people-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "OGL",
   "benchmark_availability": "Civil Service benchmarks (Cabinet Office).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-deadlines",
   "group": "demands",
   "group_name": "Job demands and intensity",
   "topic": "Working to tight deadlines",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "7-point (all of the time to never)",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-time-enough",
   "group": "demands",
   "group_name": "Job demands and intensity",
   "topic": "Enough time to do the job",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point (always to never)",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-hide-feelings",
   "group": "demands",
   "group_name": "Job demands and intensity",
   "topic": "Required to hide feelings",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point (always to never)",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": "Emotional demand."
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-night-work",
   "group": "demands",
   "group_name": "Job demands and intensity",
   "topic": "Frequency of night work",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "days per month or never",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": "Unsocial hours."
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-long-days",
   "group": "demands",
   "group_name": "Job demands and intensity",
   "topic": "Frequency of long (10+ hour) days",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "days per month or never",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-painful-positions",
   "group": "demands",
   "group_name": "Job demands and intensity",
   "topic": "Tiring or painful positions",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "7-point (all of the time to never)",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": "Physical load."
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-repetitive-movements",
   "group": "demands",
   "group_name": "Job demands and intensity",
   "topic": "Repetitive hand or arm movements",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "7-point (all of the time to never)",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": "Physical load."
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-apply-ideas",
   "group": "control",
   "group_name": "Control, autonomy and skill use",
   "topic": "Able to apply own ideas",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point (always to never)",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-consulted",
   "group": "control",
   "group_name": "Control, autonomy and skill use",
   "topic": "Consulted before objectives are set",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point (always to never)",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "oecd-influence-decisions",
   "group": "control",
   "group_name": "Control, autonomy and skill use",
   "topic": "Influence over important decisions",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point (always to never)",
   "source_survey": "OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being",
   "source_key": "OECD",
   "citation": "OECD (2013), OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being.",
   "source_url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-guidelines-on-measuring-subjective-well-being_9789264191655-en.html",
   "copyright_status": "permission required; none requested",
   "benchmark_availability": "Instrument-specific reference material (OECD).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-work-methods",
   "group": "control",
   "group_name": "Control, autonomy and skill use",
   "topic": "Can choose or change work methods",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "yes / no",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-learning",
   "group": "control",
   "group_name": "Control, autonomy and skill use",
   "topic": "Learning new things at work",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "yes / no",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-training-employer",
   "group": "control",
   "group_name": "Control, autonomy and skill use",
   "topic": "Employer-provided training",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "yes / no",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-training-otj",
   "group": "control",
   "group_name": "Control, autonomy and skill use",
   "topic": "On-the-job training",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "yes / no",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "csps-ld-access",
   "group": "control",
   "group_name": "Control, autonomy and skill use",
   "topic": "Access to learning and development",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point agreement",
   "source_survey": "Civil Service People Survey",
   "source_key": "CSPS",
   "citation": "Cabinet Office, Civil Service People Survey. Crown copyright.",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/civil-service-people-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "OGL",
   "benchmark_availability": "Civil Service benchmarks (Cabinet Office).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "csps-challenge",
   "group": "control",
   "group_name": "Control, autonomy and skill use",
   "topic": "Sufficiently challenged by work",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point agreement",
   "source_survey": "Civil Service People Survey",
   "source_key": "CSPS",
   "citation": "Cabinet Office, Civil Service People Survey. Crown copyright.",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/civil-service-people-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "OGL",
   "benchmark_availability": "Civil Service benchmarks (Cabinet Office).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "ses-skills-use",
   "group": "control",
   "group_name": "Control, autonomy and skill use",
   "topic": "Opportunity to use knowledge and skills",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point agreement",
   "source_survey": "Skills and Employment Survey 2017",
   "source_key": "SES7",
   "citation": "Felstead A, Gallie D, Green F et al., Skills and Employment Survey 2017. Cardiff University, UCL, University of Oxford; ESRC.",
   "source_url": "https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/research/explore/find-a-project/view/skills-and-employment-survey-2017",
   "copyright_status": "permission required; none requested",
   "benchmark_availability": "Periodic Great Britain estimates (SES series).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "perma-relationships",
   "group": "support",
   "group_name": "Support and relationships",
   "topic": "Satisfaction with working relationships",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "0 to 10",
   "source_survey": "PERMA-Profiler",
   "source_key": "PERMA",
   "citation": "Butler J, Kern ML (2016), The PERMA-Profiler.",
   "source_url": "https://www.peggykern.org/questionnaires.html",
   "copyright_status": "permission required; none requested",
   "benchmark_availability": "Instrument-specific reference scores.",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": "PERMA-Profiler item; referenced only."
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-manager-support",
   "group": "support",
   "group_name": "Support and relationships",
   "topic": "Manager provides help and support",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point (always to never)",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-manager-respect",
   "group": "support",
   "group_name": "Support and relationships",
   "topic": "Manager respects you",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point agreement",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-manager-recognition",
   "group": "support",
   "group_name": "Support and relationships",
   "topic": "Manager gives praise and recognition",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point agreement",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-manager-feedback",
   "group": "support",
   "group_name": "Support and relationships",
   "topic": "Manager gives useful feedback",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point agreement",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-manager-development",
   "group": "support",
   "group_name": "Support and relationships",
   "topic": "Manager encourages development",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point agreement",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "csps-team",
   "group": "support",
   "group_name": "Support and relationships",
   "topic": "Team improves the service together",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point agreement",
   "source_survey": "Civil Service People Survey",
   "source_key": "CSPS",
   "citation": "Cabinet Office, Civil Service People Survey. Crown copyright.",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/civil-service-people-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "OGL",
   "benchmark_availability": "Civil Service benchmarks (Cabinet Office).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-colleague-support",
   "group": "support",
   "group_name": "Support and relationships",
   "topic": "Colleagues provide help and support",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point (always to never)",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-colleague-relations",
   "group": "support",
   "group_name": "Support and relationships",
   "topic": "Gets on well with colleagues",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point agreement",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-fair-treatment",
   "group": "fairness",
   "group_name": "Fair treatment and conduct",
   "topic": "Treated fairly at work",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point (always to never)",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-bullying-harassment",
   "group": "fairness",
   "group_name": "Fair treatment and conduct",
   "topic": "Experience of bullying or harassment",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "yes / no",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "nhs-values-alignment",
   "group": "role",
   "group_name": "Role, purpose and recognition",
   "topic": "Values aligned with the organisation",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point agreement",
   "source_survey": "NHS Staff Survey",
   "source_key": "NHS",
   "citation": "NHS Staff Survey (NHS England; Survey Coordination Centre).",
   "source_url": "https://www.nhsstaffsurveys.com/",
   "copyright_status": "NHS",
   "benchmark_availability": "NHS sector benchmarks (NHS England).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": "NHS Staff Survey item; text withheld; permission would be required to reproduce it and none has been requested."
  },
  {
   "id": "csps-clear-objectives",
   "group": "role",
   "group_name": "Role, purpose and recognition",
   "topic": "Clear organisational objectives",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point agreement",
   "source_survey": "Civil Service People Survey",
   "source_key": "CSPS",
   "citation": "Cabinet Office, Civil Service People Survey. Crown copyright.",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/civil-service-people-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "OGL",
   "benchmark_availability": "Civil Service benchmarks (Cabinet Office).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "csps-contribution",
   "group": "role",
   "group_name": "Role, purpose and recognition",
   "topic": "Own work contributes to objectives",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point agreement",
   "source_survey": "Civil Service People Survey",
   "source_key": "CSPS",
   "citation": "Cabinet Office, Civil Service People Survey. Crown copyright.",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/civil-service-people-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "OGL",
   "benchmark_availability": "Civil Service benchmarks (Cabinet Office).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-knows-expectations",
   "group": "role",
   "group_name": "Role, purpose and recognition",
   "topic": "Knows what is expected at work",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point (always to never)",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "perma-direction",
   "group": "role",
   "group_name": "Role, purpose and recognition",
   "topic": "Sense of direction",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "0 to 10",
   "source_survey": "PERMA-Profiler",
   "source_key": "PERMA",
   "citation": "Butler J, Kern ML (2016), The PERMA-Profiler.",
   "source_url": "https://www.peggykern.org/questionnaires.html",
   "copyright_status": "permission required; none requested",
   "benchmark_availability": "Instrument-specific reference scores.",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": "PERMA-Profiler item; referenced only."
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-motivates-performance",
   "group": "role",
   "group_name": "Role, purpose and recognition",
   "topic": "Organisation motivates good performance",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point agreement",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "oecd-recognition",
   "group": "role",
   "group_name": "Role, purpose and recognition",
   "topic": "Receives deserved recognition",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point agreement",
   "source_survey": "OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being",
   "source_key": "OECD",
   "citation": "OECD (2013), OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being.",
   "source_url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-guidelines-on-measuring-subjective-well-being_9789264191655-en.html",
   "copyright_status": "permission required; none requested",
   "benchmark_availability": "Instrument-specific reference material (OECD).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-work-well-done",
   "group": "role",
   "group_name": "Role, purpose and recognition",
   "topic": "Feeling of work well done",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point (always to never)",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "perma-achieve-goals",
   "group": "role",
   "group_name": "Role, purpose and recognition",
   "topic": "Achieves important goals",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "0 to 10",
   "source_survey": "PERMA-Profiler",
   "source_key": "PERMA",
   "citation": "Butler J, Kern ML (2016), The PERMA-Profiler.",
   "source_url": "https://www.peggykern.org/questionnaires.html",
   "copyright_status": "permission required; none requested",
   "benchmark_availability": "Instrument-specific reference scores.",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": "PERMA-Profiler item; referenced only."
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-useful-work",
   "group": "role",
   "group_name": "Role, purpose and recognition",
   "topic": "Doing useful work",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point (always to never)",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "oecd-help-others",
   "group": "role",
   "group_name": "Role, purpose and recognition",
   "topic": "Opportunity to help others",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point (always to never)",
   "source_survey": "OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being",
   "source_key": "OECD",
   "citation": "OECD (2013), OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being.",
   "source_url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-guidelines-on-measuring-subjective-well-being_9789264191655-en.html",
   "copyright_status": "permission required; none requested",
   "benchmark_availability": "Instrument-specific reference material (OECD).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "perma-absorption",
   "group": "role",
   "group_name": "Role, purpose and recognition",
   "topic": "Absorption and engagement in work",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "0 to 10",
   "source_survey": "PERMA-Profiler",
   "source_key": "PERMA",
   "citation": "Butler J, Kern ML (2016), The PERMA-Profiler.",
   "source_url": "https://www.peggykern.org/questionnaires.html",
   "copyright_status": "permission required; none requested",
   "benchmark_availability": "Instrument-specific reference scores.",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": "PERMA-Profiler item; referenced only."
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-advancement",
   "group": "change",
   "group_name": "Job security and change",
   "topic": "Opportunities for career advancement",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point agreement",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-job-insecurity",
   "group": "change",
   "group_name": "Job security and change",
   "topic": "Perceived risk of job loss",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point agreement",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "oecd-undesirable-change",
   "group": "change",
   "group_name": "Job security and change",
   "topic": "Expecting an undesirable change at work",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point agreement",
   "source_survey": "OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being",
   "source_key": "OECD",
   "citation": "OECD (2013), OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being.",
   "source_url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-guidelines-on-measuring-subjective-well-being_9789264191655-en.html",
   "copyright_status": "permission required; none requested",
   "benchmark_availability": "Instrument-specific reference material (OECD).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "csps-change-managed",
   "group": "change",
   "group_name": "Job security and change",
   "topic": "Change is managed well",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point agreement",
   "source_survey": "Civil Service People Survey",
   "source_key": "CSPS",
   "citation": "Cabinet Office, Civil Service People Survey. Crown copyright.",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/civil-service-people-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "OGL",
   "benchmark_availability": "Civil Service benchmarks (Cabinet Office).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "iwbi-commute",
   "group": "time",
   "group_name": "Working time and the work-home boundary",
   "topic": "Commuting stress",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point agreement",
   "source_survey": "WELL Building Standard",
   "source_key": "IWBI",
   "citation": "International WELL Building Institute, WELL Building Standard.",
   "source_url": "https://www.wellcertified.com/",
   "copyright_status": "permission required; none requested",
   "benchmark_availability": "None held / proprietary.",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": "Proprietary source; referenced only."
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-flexibility",
   "group": "time",
   "group_name": "Working time and the work-home boundary",
   "topic": "Flexibility for personal or family matters",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "4-point (very easy to very difficult)",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "oecd-breaks",
   "group": "time",
   "group_name": "Working time and the work-home boundary",
   "topic": "Sufficient breaks",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point (always to never)",
   "source_survey": "OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being",
   "source_key": "OECD",
   "citation": "OECD (2013), OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being.",
   "source_url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-guidelines-on-measuring-subjective-well-being_9789264191655-en.html",
   "copyright_status": "permission required; none requested",
   "benchmark_availability": "Instrument-specific reference material (OECD).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-free-time-work",
   "group": "time",
   "group_name": "Working time and the work-home boundary",
   "topic": "Working in free time",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point (daily to never)",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "ses-worry-after-work",
   "group": "time",
   "group_name": "Working time and the work-home boundary",
   "topic": "Worrying about work after hours",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "6-point (never to all of the time)",
   "source_survey": "Skills and Employment Survey 2017",
   "source_key": "SES7",
   "citation": "Felstead A, Gallie D, Green F et al., Skills and Employment Survey 2017. Cardiff University, UCL, University of Oxford; ESRC.",
   "source_url": "https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/research/explore/find-a-project/view/skills-and-employment-survey-2017",
   "copyright_status": "permission required; none requested",
   "benchmark_availability": "Periodic Great Britain estimates (SES series).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "ses-unwinding",
   "group": "time",
   "group_name": "Working time and the work-home boundary",
   "topic": "Difficulty unwinding after work",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "6-point (never to all of the time)",
   "source_survey": "Skills and Employment Survey 2017",
   "source_key": "SES7",
   "citation": "Felstead A, Gallie D, Green F et al., Skills and Employment Survey 2017. Cardiff University, UCL, University of Oxford; ESRC.",
   "source_url": "https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/research/explore/find-a-project/view/skills-and-employment-survey-2017",
   "copyright_status": "permission required; none requested",
   "benchmark_availability": "Periodic Great Britain estimates (SES series).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "ess-fatigue-home",
   "group": "time",
   "group_name": "Working time and the work-home boundary",
   "topic": "Too tired after work for home tasks",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point (never to always)",
   "source_survey": "European Social Survey",
   "source_key": "ESS",
   "citation": "European Social Survey ERIC (ESS). Rounds vary by item.",
   "source_url": "https://www.europeansocialsurvey.org/",
   "copyright_status": "ESS",
   "benchmark_availability": "Cross-national benchmarks (ESS).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": "European Social Survey Round 5."
  },
  {
   "id": "csps-tools",
   "group": "environment",
   "group_name": "Physical environment and resources",
   "topic": "Has the tools needed for the job",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point agreement",
   "source_survey": "Civil Service People Survey",
   "source_key": "CSPS",
   "citation": "Cabinet Office, Civil Service People Survey. Crown copyright.",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/civil-service-people-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "OGL",
   "benchmark_availability": "Civil Service benchmarks (Cabinet Office).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "oecd-facilities",
   "group": "environment",
   "group_name": "Physical environment and resources",
   "topic": "Adequate facilities for health and well-being",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point agreement",
   "source_survey": "OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being",
   "source_key": "OECD",
   "citation": "OECD (2013), OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being.",
   "source_url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-guidelines-on-measuring-subjective-well-being_9789264191655-en.html",
   "copyright_status": "permission required; none requested",
   "benchmark_availability": "Instrument-specific reference material (OECD).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "ewcs-pay-appropriate",
   "group": "financial",
   "group_name": "Financial security",
   "topic": "Paid appropriately for the work",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point agreement",
   "source_survey": "European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (6th wave)",
   "source_key": "EWCS6",
   "citation": "Eurofound, European Working Conditions Survey 2015.",
   "source_url": "https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/en/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "Eurofound",
   "benchmark_availability": "European and national distributions (Eurofound).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "oecd-future-living",
   "group": "financial",
   "group_name": "Financial security",
   "topic": "Confidence about future standard of living",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "4-point (very to not at all confident)",
   "source_survey": "OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being",
   "source_key": "OECD",
   "citation": "OECD (2013), OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being.",
   "source_url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-guidelines-on-measuring-subjective-well-being_9789264191655-en.html",
   "copyright_status": "permission required; none requested",
   "benchmark_availability": "Instrument-specific reference material (OECD).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "us-managing-financially",
   "group": "financial",
   "group_name": "Financial security",
   "topic": "Managing financially",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point (living comfortably to very difficult)",
   "source_survey": "Understanding Society (UK Household Longitudinal Study), Wave 9",
   "source_key": "US9",
   "citation": "University of Essex, Institute for Social and Economic Research. Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study.",
   "source_url": "https://www.understandingsociety.ac.uk/",
   "copyright_status": "permission required; none requested",
   "benchmark_availability": "UK population estimates (UK Data Service).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "fincap-resilience",
   "group": "financial",
   "group_name": "Financial security",
   "topic": "Resilience to an unexpected bill",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "scenario response",
   "source_survey": "Financial Capability Survey",
   "source_key": "FINCAP",
   "citation": "Money and Pensions Service, Financial Capability Survey.",
   "source_url": "https://www.fincap.org.uk/",
   "copyright_status": "OGL",
   "benchmark_availability": "UK financial capability benchmarks (MaPS).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  },
  {
   "id": "nhs-org-action-wellbeing",
   "group": "culture",
   "group_name": "Organisational health culture and policy",
   "topic": "Organisation acts on health and well-being",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "yes / no",
   "source_survey": "NHS Staff Survey",
   "source_key": "NHS",
   "citation": "NHS Staff Survey (NHS England; Survey Coordination Centre).",
   "source_url": "https://www.nhsstaffsurveys.com/",
   "copyright_status": "NHS",
   "benchmark_availability": "NHS sector benchmarks (NHS England).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": "NHS Staff Survey item; text withheld; permission would be required to reproduce it and none has been requested."
  },
  {
   "id": "mh-know-support-access",
   "group": "culture",
   "group_name": "Organisational health culture and policy",
   "topic": "Knows how to access mental well-being support",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point agreement",
   "source_survey": "OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being",
   "source_key": "OECD",
   "citation": "OECD (2013), OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being.",
   "source_url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-guidelines-on-measuring-subjective-well-being_9789264191655-en.html",
   "copyright_status": "permission required; none requested",
   "benchmark_availability": "Instrument-specific reference material (OECD).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": "Provisional item; primary source unresolved."
  },
  {
   "id": "mh-org-supports",
   "group": "culture",
   "group_name": "Organisational health culture and policy",
   "topic": "Organisation supports staff with mental health problems",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point agreement",
   "source_survey": "OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being",
   "source_key": "OECD",
   "citation": "OECD (2013), OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being.",
   "source_url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-guidelines-on-measuring-subjective-well-being_9789264191655-en.html",
   "copyright_status": "permission required; none requested",
   "benchmark_availability": "Instrument-specific reference material (OECD).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": "Provisional item; primary source unresolved."
  },
  {
   "id": "mh-inclusive",
   "group": "culture",
   "group_name": "Organisational health culture and policy",
   "topic": "Inclusive environment for mental health",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point agreement",
   "source_survey": "OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being",
   "source_key": "OECD",
   "citation": "OECD (2013), OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being.",
   "source_url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-guidelines-on-measuring-subjective-well-being_9789264191655-en.html",
   "copyright_status": "permission required; none requested",
   "benchmark_availability": "Instrument-specific reference material (OECD).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": "Provisional item; primary source unresolved."
  },
  {
   "id": "mh-confidence-discuss",
   "group": "culture",
   "group_name": "Organisational health culture and policy",
   "topic": "Confidence discussing mental health at work",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point agreement",
   "source_survey": "OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being",
   "source_key": "OECD",
   "citation": "OECD (2013), OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being.",
   "source_url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-guidelines-on-measuring-subjective-well-being_9789264191655-en.html",
   "copyright_status": "permission required; none requested",
   "benchmark_availability": "Instrument-specific reference material (OECD).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": "Provisional item; primary source unresolved."
  },
  {
   "id": "csps-recommend-workplace",
   "group": "culture",
   "group_name": "Organisational health culture and policy",
   "topic": "Would recommend as a place to work",
   "wording": null,
   "response_scale": "5-point agreement",
   "source_survey": "Civil Service People Survey",
   "source_key": "CSPS",
   "citation": "Cabinet Office, Civil Service People Survey. Crown copyright.",
   "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/civil-service-people-surveys",
   "copyright_status": "OGL",
   "benchmark_availability": "Civil Service benchmarks (Cabinet Office).",
   "verification": "unverified",
   "render": false,
   "notes": ""
  }
 ]
}